When and Why You Might Turn Down An Inheritance
February 25, 2010
Would you ever turn down an inheritance?
Your first reaction might be “Of course not!” But don’t speak too soon. Most estate plans are created at least in part to protect heirs (generally spouses and children) from the sometimes devastating blow of estate taxes; but with the estate tax in a confusing state of flux this year some of these plans won’t work as their creators intended—and heirs may end up looking for a way to protect themselves against the unintended consequences of well-intentioned estate plans.
With the threat of the return of the estate tax in 2011 for estates valued over $1,000,000, the surviving spouse of a person dying this year may now have good reason to consider a timely disclaimer. Doing so may eliminate tax as assets pass on down to the couple’s children. For more information on how this works, see our article entiled “Repeal of Estate Tax May Warrant a Fresh Look At the Use of Disclaimers To Avoid Death Tax”
Although the use of a Disclaimer may be a good solution in some cases, there are no easy general answers to the question of whether you should exercise the right of disclaimer. Much will depend upon the state of the estate tax law at the time of your loved one’s death. One thing is clear, however: most people would be well advised to include the option of disclaimer in their trust or wills, “just in case”. If you have any questions whatsoever about an inheritance—or about your own estate plan—contact your elder law or estate planning attorney for help.
News and Updates About the Estate Tax
February 17, 2010
A month and a half into 2010 and Congress’ failure to stop the lapse in estate tax is still making waves. These two trusted news sources explain why having “no estate tax” this year should worry you.
One of the first reasons you should be worried, as revealed by this article in the Wall Street Journal, is that a larger base of estates will actually end up paying more this year rather than less; “Under last year’s law, estates up to $3.5 million, or $7 million for married couples, were exempt from federal tax. This year that law has been replaced by a fiendishly complex levy raising taxes on the assets of those with little as $1.3 million. It will affect the heirs of at least 50,000 U.S. taxpayers who die this year, whereas the old law affected only about 15,000 estates a year.”
Another main cause of worry, explains the New York Times, is the possible reinstatement of the estate tax by congress, effective retroactively; “The general view is that Congress wants to, and should, re-enact the estate tax retroactive to the beginning of this year,” [says tax specialist Ian Shane] “In January, February or March that’s easy, but as the year goes on it becomes more difficult.”
Of course the biggest worry estate planners have is the effect this year-long lapse will have on existing plans. Couples who already have an existing estate plan are advised to get their documents reviewed—and possibly revised—to prevent “standard clauses” from having unanticipated effects. As Joanne Johnson, head of the American wealth advisory service of J. P. Morgan explained to the NY Times, “It’s common to find language like ‘I hereby fund this trust to the maximum amount I can shelter from federal estate tax.’ The rest can then pass tax-free to the spouse. Such wording is risky as long as the estate tax is off the books… because there is no maximum.” What ends up happening is that everything goes into the trust for the kids, leaving the spouse with nothing.
What is the lesson here? The lapse in the estate tax may not be the boon it first appears to be. Talk with your estate planning attorney to find out how the new laws may affect your family.
Another Kind of “Bucket List”: the New “Carry-Over Basis” Rule
January 20, 2010
Among the many changes in tax law to go into effect in 2010 was the change in cost basis for inherited assets. Previously, all inherited assets were “stepped-up” from their original value at date of purchase to their fair market value at date of death. In this way, if inherited assets were sold shortly after death, litttle or no capital gains tax was owed. However, in 2010 inherited assets do not receive this automatic “step-up”; instead they will be valued at the lesser of the decedent’s basis or the fair market value as of date of death. The result is that for decedents dying in 2010, the decedent’s tax basis and the fair market value as of date of death will have to be determined for every asset. As you can imagine, this will cause paperwork nightmares for heirs.
What we suggest is making a list of your assets and their values and tax basis information now, while you are still alive and your memory is fresh. This is not a list that has to be shared with anybody until after your death, but the mere existence of your list of assets will save your family and heirs hours of headaches (and heartache) later on.
If the thought of taking the time and energy to sort through files and records to gather this information makes you want to run for the hills, imagine how your heirs will feel! To ease the burden, try making your list one asset at a time, over the course of many days. However you choose to create your list, you can be sure your heirs will thank you.
(Note: There is some cushion to this harsh new rule: There is an exemption amount of $1.3 million of gain from this carry-over basis rule, and another $3 million exemption applying to assets inherited from a spouse. Any excess, however, will be subject to to the new carry-over basis rule. The duty to allocate this exemption among assets going to different persons will be that of your executor or successor trustee. Choose that person wisely. )
Keep Your Estate Safe in 2010
January 11, 2010
Now that it’s 2010 and congress has failed to take action regarding the repeal of the estate tax, we see a lot of articles discussing whether the lack of taxation for a year is a good or bad thing; sometimes these articles go even further, arguing whether estate tax in general is a good or bad thing. These are all interesting discussions, but our firm is more concerned with how your estate plan will hold up this year when it was likely designed to weather very different circumstances.
To this end, we have found that CBS’s Money Watch.com has published a very useful article about what the lack of estate tax in 2010 could mean for you and your family. The entire article is educational, but if you scroll about 1/3 of the way down the page you get to the crux of the article, a section titled “Steps to Take Now.” This section provides you with practical advice on what you can do, and what in your estate plan may need to change in order to keep up with the changing times and taxes:
- Keep good records
- Have an attorney review the “formula clauses” in your estate plan
- Be aware of the tax laws for your state of residence
- Give your estate plan a “check-up” as soon as possible!
As you and your attorney are reviewing your estate plan, keep in mind that the estate tax situation is likely to change again in 2011 (and may even change before 2011, effective retroactively), and try to plan accordingly. As Money Watch author Deborah Jacobs writes, “Whatever might be happening in Washington, no one should postpone the necessary steps. Just because Congress is inefficient and disorganized doesn’t mean that you must follow suit.”
Portrait of A Caregiver: It May Be You!
December 27, 2009
If you are a Caucasian woman, aged 35 or older, possibly married, definitely working at least part-time—then there is a good chance that you are now or will soon be serving as a caregiver for an aging parent or relative; at least, this is according to the new report released by the National Alliance for Caregiving, AARP, and MetLife.
The entire report, entitled “Caregiving in the U.S., A Focused Look at Those Caring for Someone Aged 50 or Older” is 73 pages long, but you needn’t read the entire thing to get an insider’s peek at the state of caregiving today. And the report isn’t limited to caring for an aging relative; it includes statistics on those caring for special needs children, as well as family members of any age.
Some of the more interesting statistics listed in the report are:
- 40% of Caregivers are aged 50-64.
- 63% of those receiving care are over the age of 75.
- 67% of Caregivers are women.
- 76% of Caregivers are Caucasian.
- 89% are caring for a relative (36% of the time it is the caregiver’s mother.)
- Over half of caregivers are employed while caregiving; and…
- Caregivers provide an average of 19 hours of caregiving per week (in addition to their regular employment.)
It is worthwhile to note that according to this study most of these caregivers are unpaid for the care they give, which makes sense if they are caring for a family member and are doing it voluntarily—but a full 43% said that they felt they did not have a choice to take on the role.
Our office can’t prevent you from one day needing a caregiver (or one day having to serve as a caregiver) but we can help you plan for when that day may come. Thinking and planning ahead can keep you—and your loved ones—from ending up in a situation where you feel you have no choice.
Will Nursing Home Costs Bankrupt the Nation and the Elderly?
December 17, 2009
Along with the rest of the nation, you are probably watching the progress of various versions of the health care legislation making their way (or not making their way) through Congress. An article in the Deember 13, 2009, issue of the New York Times points out that the current bill contains a “major new federal insurance program for long-term care” — although many are not aware of it. It is sometimes referred to as the “CLASS ACT”, so known by the initials for the full title, the Community Living Assistance Services and Supports Act.
Should it become law, the program might have a significant positive benefit for a social problem that is already bad, and promises to get worse. That is, how are we to care for members of our society who can no longer care for themselves, but might live for years? To give just one prominent example, former President Ronald Reagan revealed his Alzheimer’s diagnosis in 1994, but did not pass away until ten years later.
Nursing home costs have the potential to bankrupt families that are not prepared with legal planning. Drafted by the late Sen. Edward M. Kennedy several years ago, this federal insurance program might be an important tool in addressing the problem, but critics say it will be unsustainable. Instead of families going bankrupt paying for nursing home care, it will be the government, in their view. Supporters view the matter quite differently, and believe that it will not only help with the reduction of the Deficit but, more importantly, will enhance the quality of life for the elderly, disabled and their families. Read the entire article here.
New Developments in the Estate Tax Arena
December 10, 2009
The question on every estate planning attorney’s mind (and on the minds of our clients) is what will happen to the estate tax next year? There is less than a month left before the estate tax expires, and although nobody expects our representatives in Washington to actually let that happen, as of yet there are no firm resolutions regarding the matter. We are, however, getting closer.
The House recently voted not to let the estate tax expire, but instead to let it continue indefinitely at the current rate. Unfortunately the legislation has yet to make it through the Senate, and considering the gridlock that body is experiencing over health care reform, holding our breath for a decision on the estate tax before year’s end isn’t recommended.
The issue that estate planners are most concerned about at this time is not actually what the final decision will be (although that certainly is important), but how long it will take our government representatives to reach that decision. It is generally assumed that any decision reached in 2010 regarding the estate tax will be retroactive, which means that any estates opened next year before the decision is made might at some point have to pay estate taxes retroactively. The possibility of retroactive estate taxes means that holding off on your estate planning until after the legislation has passed is not as wise a decision as you may think.
We know our lawmakers have a lot to think about as 2010 approaches, but so do you—the taxpayers. Let us help you start the New Year off on the right foot: Making your own decisions about your estate planning, and keeping one step ahead in the game.
Imagine No Estate Tax
November 22, 2009
The federal estate tax is scheduled to disappear next year (in 2010); and although most people expect lawmakers to pass legislation keeping the estate tax alive, they also vaguely hope that the estate tax (also sometimes called the “death tax”) does disappear—at least for a little while. But this article in the Wall Street Journal asserts that for all the noise that is sometimes made about the estate tax, we may actually be better off with the estate tax than without it.
This assertion is not based on what is best for the government, but what is best for the tax-payer, and has to do with something called the “step-up in cost basis”:
“Step-up means that the property heirs receive is valued as of the date of death. So if Grandma leaves a grandchild stock selling for $75 a share that was bought in 1970 for $2 per share, the heir’s “cost basis” in the stock is $75. If the grandchild then sells the stock for $80, the taxable gain is $5 per share.”
If the estate tax disappears it is likely that the step-up in cost basis will as well. This means that the stock Grandma leaves you would be valued at the original $2 per share rather than the stepped up $75 per share, and when that same stock is sold for $80 per share the taxable gain would be $78 instead of $5! This change will impact many more families than would be affected by the elimination of the estate tax.
The disappearance of the step-up in cost basis is just one of the concerns people have about the possible elimination of the estate tax and Congress’s failure to act. Other concerns mentioned in the Wall Street Journal article include:
- A retroactive estate tax
- A prohibition (or scaling back) of techniques used to trim estate taxes (such as family limited partnerships, grantor retained annuity trusts, and qualified personal residence trusts)
Watch for further developments, which we anticipate after Congress completes its wok on the Health Care Reform Bills, currently occupying its primary attention.
Jinies.com